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| Lowest energy mode, v = 4.603339 c | second mode, v = 7.789706 c | third mode, v = 10.949880 c |
Self-sustaining circular motion supported by modified direct action. The 'present' location of the principal particle - shown in red - is bound by singular forces from interaction with its past and future positions - shown in blue. Other - non-singular - self-interactions are shown in pink. The mode velocities satisfy: