This photo shows the Yusmar 1 with the larger of the two recirculating loops (3/4" conduit) we constructed in place.

Below the device is a 55 gal barrel that held the batch of water being heated for the calorimetric tests.  At the top, you can just see part of the watthour meter that monitored electrical power consumed by the 7 hp pump (just off to the top left)/

The pump forced water into the Yusmar 1 through the conical inlet, which connects tangentially to the swirl chamber inside the device.  All of the water exits the swirl chamber downward through the 2" diameter "tail pipe".

When we received the device it did not have the recirculation loop.  That was added at the request of Dr. Peter Gluck, who insisted from his close contact with Yuri Potapov that such a loop was typically fitted to the Yusmar in the field during installation!

With a large tailpipe opening, the pressure gauge in the recirculation line reads negative (see our 3rd report), which indicates that water was indeed being sucked from the lower end of the tail pipe and returned to the center of the main vortex.

NOTE:  The standard Yusmar is an all-welded design.  We cut ours open to inspect the main swirl chamber and reassembled it with the many 1/4" bolts and gasket that you see in the photo.

Additional photos and description can be found here.